Constitutional Law 1 Lecture 7 Transcript – FUSION AND SEPARATION OF POWERS, AND CHECKS AND BALANCES IN KENYA AND AFRICA

The lecture commenced by establishing a fundamental evolution in
constitutional theory: the movement away from the rigid, classical doctrine
of “separation of powers” toward the more nuanced and descriptively
accurate modern concept of “fusion of powers.” This terminological shift is
not merely academic; it reflects a deeper understanding of how governmental
power actually operates within contemporary states, especially those with
parliamentary or hybrid systems.